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August 28, 2026

Spravato vs. Intranasal Ketamine for Treatment Resistant Depression

Spravato vs intranasal ketamine: Which one’s right for me?

Spravato® and intranasal ketamine are often mentioned in the same breath, but they’re far from interchangeable. Both treatments use ketamine’s rapid‑acting antidepressant properties…yet they differ in how they’re formulated, regulated, administered and ultimately experienced by patients.

For people exploring options after traditional antidepressants haven’t delivered enough relief, understanding these differences isn’t just academic: it shapes access, cost, safety and the kind of clinical support they can expect.

AwakeningsKC is the premier provider of ketamine therapy in the Kansas City area.

What Is Ketamine?

Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic that’s been used in medicine since the 1970s, originally in surgical settings because it provides anesthesia while maintaining breathing and cardiovascular stability. Dissociative anesthetics make you feel detached from your body and surroundings when you take them.

Over the past two decades, researchers discovered something remarkable: at much lower, subanesthetic doses, ketamine can rapidly relieve symptoms of treatment‑resistant depression, suicidal ideation and certain anxiety disorders. That shift, from operating rooms to mental‑health clinics, has reshaped how clinicians think about fast‑acting antidepressant therapy.

Today, ketamine is available in several forms, including IV ketamine, intranasal ketamine and Spravato (esketamine), each with its own regulatory status, dosing structure and clinical oversight. At AwakeningsKC, we use intranasal forms of ketamine – no needle required.

Understanding ketamine itself is the foundation for understanding why these treatment paths differ so meaningfully.

How Does Ketamine Work?

Ketamine works differently from traditional antidepressants. Instead of targeting serotonin or norepinephrine, it influences the glutamate system, the brain’s primary excitatory neurotransmitter. This leads to increased synaptic connectivity, essentially helping the brain rebuild pathways that depression has worn down.

Patients often describe ketamine sessions as producing a sense of detachment from ordinary thought patterns, which can open space for emotional reset and therapeutic insight.

Common short‑term side effects from ketamine include:

  • Transient dissociation or perceptual changes
  • Dizziness
  • Nausea
  • Headache
  • Increases in blood pressure
  • Sedation or fatigue

These typically peak within 40 to 90 minutes after dosing and resolve the same day. Because attention and balance can be affected, patients do not drive on treatment days.

What Is the Difference Between Esketamine and Ketamine?

Ketamine and Spravato are closely related, but they’re not the same medication. The key difference comes down to something called enantiomers, and you don’t need a chemistry background to understand this.

Think of enantiomers like left and right hands. They look similar and are made of the same parts, but they’re mirror images and not interchangeable. Ketamine has two “handed” versions: an R‑form and an S‑form.

  • Spravato uses only the S‑form, called esketamine.
  • Most intranasal ketamine used off‑label contains both forms together, which is called racemic ketamine.

These differences also matter when comparing Spravato to IV ketamine. IV ketamine delivers racemic ketamine directly into the bloodstream, allowing precise, weight‑based dosing and very fast onset.

Instead, Spravato uses a nasal spray with FDA‑defined dosing and monitoring requirements. Each option comes with its own evidence, logistics, and insurance considerations.

How Ketamine Nasal Spray Is Taken

Intranasal ketamine is taken in a clinic, and the process is simple, structured and guided by a clinician. Here’s what the experience is like:

Preparation

Before anything happens, a clinician walks you through the session and checks in on how you’re feeling. You’re usually seated in a comfortable chair in a quiet room. Many clinics dim the lights or offer blankets or headphones to help you relax.

Using the Nasal Spray

The ketamine comes in a compounded nasal spray bottle, and the clinician instructs you on how to use it. The spray may have a mild taste or smell, and some people notice a brief cooling or tingling sensation in the nose.

Each spray contains a specific amount of ketamine, and the clinician guides you through how many sprays you’ll take during the session. Because this is off‑label treatment, protocols vary by clinic.

Waiting for Onset

Ketamine absorbs quickly through the nasal passages. Most people begin to feel the effects within minutes. You stay seated or reclined while the clinician monitors you.

Common early sensations include:

  • Lightheadedness
  • A gentle slowing of thoughts
  • A floaty or dreamy feeling

The Experience

As the medication takes effect, people often describe:

  • Mild dissociation: Feeling a bit removed from everyday thinking
  • Shifts in perception: Colors, sounds, or time may feel different
  • Emotional openness: Thoughts feel easier to approach

You remain awake and aware throughout the process.

Coming Back

The effects fade over 45–90 minutes, depending on dose and clinic protocol. People often feel:

  • Calm
  • Reflective
  • Emotionally lighter

A clinician checks in before you leave, and you typically need a ride home because ketamine can temporarily affect coordination and attention.

Spravato vs. Intranasal Ketamine: What Do They Treat?

Spravato and intranasal ketamine both come from the same family of medications, but they’re used for different purposes and within very different clinical frameworks. Understanding what each one treats helps clarify why their protocols, insurance coverage, and oversight look so different.

Spravato: FDA‑Approved Uses

Spravato is approved to treat:

  • Treatment‑resistant depression: For adults who haven’t improved enough after trying multiple antidepressants
  • Major depressive disorder with acute suicidal ideation or behavior: Spravato can rapidly reduce severe symptoms while other treatments continue

Because of these approvals, Spravato is used in a highly structured setting, paired with an oral antidepressant, and monitored closely during each session.

Intranasal Ketamine: Off‑Label Uses

Intranasal ketamine is not FDA‑approved for depression or any psychiatric condition, but many clinicians use it off‑label based on emerging research and patient response. This means clinics have more flexibility, but also less standardization.

Clinics may use intranasal ketamine for:

  • Depression: Including treatment‑resistant cases
  • Anxiety disorders: Such as generalized or social anxiety
  • PTSD: Some patients report rapid symptom relief
  • Bipolar depression: Used with careful monitoring

Because it’s off‑label, dosing, frequency and treatment structure vary from clinic to clinic.

Why This Difference Matters

Spravato and intranasal ketamine may feel similar to take, but they aren’t interchangeable. Their approved uses shape:

  • Insurance coverage
  • Treatment structure
  • Safety monitoring
  • Dosing consistency
  • Clinical oversight

Spravato is a regulated, FDA‑approved pathway for specific depression‑related conditions. Intranasal ketamine is a flexible, off‑label option used for a broader range of symptoms but typically paid out‑of‑pocket.

Spravato vs. Intranasal Ketamine: How Does Insurance Look at Them?

The insurance landscape is one of the biggest practical differences between Spravato and intranasal ketamine, and it often shapes which option people can realistically access. Here’s a clear, approachable breakdown:

Why Insurance Treats Them Differently

Spravato and intranasal ketamine aren’t covered the same way because they fall into different regulatory categories:

  • Spravato (esketamine) is FDA‑approved for specific depression‑related conditions.
  • Intranasal ketamine is not FDA‑approved for depression and is used off‑label, which affects how insurers view it.

This single distinction drives most of the coverage differences.

Spravato: Typically Covered, But with Requirements

Spravato is much more likely to be covered by insurance because it has FDA approval and a formal REMS safety program. Coverage varies by plan, but most insurers treat it like any other specialty mental‑health treatment.

  • Prior authorization is almost always required.
  • Insurers often ask for documentation of treatment‑resistant depression, meaning multiple antidepressant trials.
  • Sessions must occur in a REMS‑certified clinic, which is part of the coverage requirement.
  • Many plans cover both the medication and the administration/monitoring time, though copays can vary.

Because Spravato is FDA‑approved, patients can often use commercial insurance, Medicare or Medicaid, depending on the state and plan.

Intranasal Ketamine: Usually Self Pay

Intranasal ketamine is almost always out‑of‑pocket because it’s not FDA‑approved for depression. Insurers typically classify it as an off‑label, non‑covered service.

  • Clinics set their own pricing for compounded nasal sprays.
  • Costs vary widely depending on the clinic and formulation.
  • Some clinics provide superbills so patients can try for partial reimbursement, but success rates are low.
  • HSA/FSA funds can sometimes be used, depending on the clinic’s documentation.

Coverage is inconsistent because insurers don’t recognize intranasal ketamine as a standardized, regulated treatment for depression.

What This Means for You

Spravato is often the more accessible option for people relying on insurance, while intranasal ketamine tends to be chosen by those who prefer flexibility, faster access, or lower‑structure treatment, even though it’s self pay.

AwakeningsKC will help verify your insurance, doing everything we can to ensure you receive the care you need.

Spravato vs. Intranasal Ketamine: The Bottom Line

Both Spravato and intranasal ketamine are nasal‑spray treatments that can help some adults with treatment‑resistant depression, but they’re used in different ways.

Intranasal ketamine can sometimes provide faster relief because it works on the brain’s glutamate system, which supports neuroplasticity, the brain’s ability to form new, healthier connections. Spravato offers a standardized, FDA‑approved option with set doses, required monitoring, and more consistent insurance coverage for people who qualify.

Off‑label intranasal ketamine is a compounded spray used in supervised clinics. It gives clinicians more flexibility and is supported by growing real‑world experience, but insurance coverage is less predictable.

Both treatments require in‑clinic monitoring, and patients can’t drive afterward. Choosing between them usually comes down to balancing clinical safety, evidence, access, and your personal priorities.

AwakeningsKC: Your Source for Ketamine Therapy

If you’re exploring whether Spravato or intranasal ketamine could be part of your path forward, you don’t have to navigate that decision alone. At AwakeningsKC, our clinicians provide structured, evidence‑informed guidance to help you:

  • Understand your options
  • What each treatment involves
  • Which approach aligns best with your goals, comfort level, and access needs

Whether you’re seeking a fully FDA‑approved pathway like Spravato or a flexible, off‑label option like intranasal ketamine, we’re here to support you with clarity, compassion, and personalized care.

Reach out today to start a conversation about your treatment options and take a meaningful step toward feeling better.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is Spravato the same as ketamine?

Spravato contains esketamine, the S‑enantiomer of ketamine, while most intranasal ketamine products are racemic and include both R‑ and S‑enantiomers. Both target NMDA receptors and glutamate pathways but are not identical compounds and have different regulatory pathways.

How quickly will I feel better?

Some people notice improvement within hours to days after the first sessions; others need several treatments to see clear changes. Your clinician will set expectations and track progress using standardized scales.

Can I drive after treatment?

No. Because both options can cause transient dissociation, dizziness and sedation, you should avoid driving or operating machinery until the next day.

How long do benefits last?

Durability varies. Many responders transition to maintenance schedules, gradually spacing sessions based on symptoms and function. Lifestyle strategies and psychotherapy can extend benefits.

What if I have a history of substance use disorder?

A history of substance misuse requires careful assessment. Stability, supports and alternative treatments are considered. Intranasal options are not automatically excluded, but risk‑benefit analysis is crucial.

How do I choose between Spravato and intranasal ketamine?

Consider clinical eligibility, safety profile, evidence base, coverage and cost, scheduling needs, and personal preferences.

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August 25, 2026

Depression Relapse: How TMS Therapy Helps You Move Forward, Not Back to Zero

When someone is dealing with depression, medication is often the first step. But when medication doesn’t ease the symptoms, many people turn to a proven, non‑drug treatment like TMS therapy.

But what happens if those symptoms return?

A depression relapse, defined by clinicians as the reappearance of depressive symptoms during the recovery phase, can feel devastating, as if nothing you tried actually worked. In reality, that’s not true. Recent research shows that a second course of TMS therapy can be even more effective than the first, offering renewed relief for returning symptoms.

AwakeningsKC provides TMS therapy and additional treatment options, including ketamine therapy at our clinic near Kansas City.

TMS Study: TMS Found to be More Effective During Second Round of Treatment

The landmark study, published in Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, was conducted in collaboration among Discovery Behavioral Health (our parent company), Harvard Medical School, and Mass General Brigham Hospital. Researchers followed 259 patients across 20 Discovery outpatient TMS centers over three years, all of whom returned for a second course of TMS therapy.

Here’s what the study found:

  • Second‑course response rate: 82.5% of patients responded during their second treatment course, compared with a 66.8% response rate seen across the system during first courses.
  • Second‑course remission rate: 54.2% achieved remission during retreatment, versus a 39.0% remission rate during first courses.
  • Patients who previously remitted: Among those who fully remitted during their first course, 86.1% responded again during retreatment, and 71.3% achieved remission again.

This study represents one of the largest real‑world groups of patients ever evaluated after receiving a second course of TMS. Its findings give clinicians practical, easy‑to‑apply guidance when helping patients decide whether retreatment is a strong option after depression symptoms return.

Choosing TMS therapy is almost always a sound decision. Noninvasive, efficient, and performed without anesthesia, TMS offers meaningful hope for people facing treatment‑resistant depression, relapsing depression, and several other mental and physical health conditions.

What is a Depression Relapse?

A depression relapse isn’t an official medical term, but it generally refers to the return of significant depressive symptoms after someone has begun recovering from a previous episode. In other words, it’s depression that comes back during remission.

It’s also different from recurring depression. A relapse happens before full recovery has been sustained, often after weeks or months of improvement. Recurring depression, on the other hand, involves a new depressive episode that appears after a longer period of recovery.

What Causes a Depression Relapse?

Depression doesn’t always follow a straight path toward recovery. Even when someone is improving, symptoms can return, and that return is often called a depression relapse. Relapses are common, and they don’t mean a person has done anything wrong or that their treatment has failed. Instead, they reflect how complex depression is and how many factors can influence mood over time.

Several things can contribute to a relapse:

Biological Vulnerability

Many people have underlying biological patterns that make them more prone to depression. These can include:

  • A genetic predisposition
  • Chronic inflammation
  • Changes in neurotransmitter activity
  • Disruptions in sleep and circadian rhythms

Even when symptoms improve, these biological factors may still be present, creating a window where depression can re‑emerge.

Stress and Major Life Events

Stress is one of the strongest triggers for relapse. Events like job loss, relationship conflict, grief, or financial strain can overwhelm the brain’s coping systems. Even positive changes such as moving, starting a new job or becoming a parent can create enough stress to destabilize recovery.

Incomplete Recovery

Sometimes symptoms improve but don’t fully resolve. When someone is feeling “mostly better,” it’s easy to assume mental health treatment recovery is complete, but lingering symptoms can leave the brain vulnerable. In these cases, even small stressors or routine challenges can push symptoms back into the foreground.

Medication Changes or Reduced Effectiveness

Adjusting medication doses, stopping medication too soon, or experiencing a gradual loss of effectiveness (sometimes called tachyphylaxis) can all contribute to relapse. The brain may respond to these changes by re‑expressing symptoms that had previously been controlled.

Underlying Conditions

Anxiety disorders, PTSD, chronic pain, substance use disorders, and medical conditions like thyroid disease or autoimmune disorders can all increase relapse risk. When these conditions flare, depression often follows.

Lifestyle Disruption

Many lifestyle factors can contribute to a depression relapse:

  • Sleep loss
  • Irregular routines
  • Isolation
  • Poor nutrition
  • Reduced physical activity

These factors don’t cause depression on their own, but they can make the brain more susceptible to symptoms returning.

Psychological Patterns

Negative thinking styles, unresolved trauma, or perfectionistic tendencies can resurface during stressful periods. When these patterns intensify, they can contribute to a relapse even if someone has been doing well.

What are the Warning Signs of a Depression Relapse?

Recognizing the early signs of a depression relapse can make a meaningful difference. When symptoms return gradually, people often dismiss them as stress or fatigue. But noticing these shifts early allows someone to seek support before the relapse becomes more severe.

These signs don’t confirm a relapse on their own, but they’re important signals to pay attention to and discuss with a qualified healthcare professional.

Here are some of the most common early indicators:

  • Changes in mood: Feeling more irritable, sad, or emotionally flat than usual. These shifts may be subtle at first, showing up as a general sense of heaviness or reduced enjoyment in daily life.
  • Loss of interest: Activities that once felt meaningful or enjoyable start to feel like chores. People may withdraw from hobbies, social plans, or routines they previously valued.
  • Sleep disruptions: Trouble falling asleep, waking frequently, oversleeping, or feeling unrefreshed can all signal that mood patterns are shifting.
  • Energy changes: A noticeable drop in motivation, increased fatigue, or difficulty completing everyday tasks can be early signs that depression symptoms are returning.
  • Difficulty concentrating: Trouble focusing, making decisions, or staying organized often appears early in a relapse, even before mood symptoms intensify.
  • Negative thinking patterns: More frequent self‑criticism, hopeless thoughts, or a return of familiar depressive thinking styles can indicate that the brain is slipping back into old patterns.
  • Social withdrawal: Pulling away from friends, family, or coworkers—whether by canceling plans or avoiding communication—can be an early behavioral sign.
  • Physical symptoms: Headaches, stomach discomfort, appetite changes, or general aches can accompany mood shifts and may appear before emotional symptoms become obvious.

TMS Therapy: What is it?

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive, drug‑free treatment that uses gentle magnetic pulses to stimulate areas of the brain involved in mood regulation. It’s FDA‑approved for depression and several other conditions, and is often recommended when traditional treatments, like medication or talk therapy, haven’t provided enough relief.

During a TMS session, a small electromagnetic coil rests against the scalp. This coil delivers magnetic pulses through the skull, generating tiny electrical signals that activate underactive brain regions linked to depression. Over time, this repeated stimulation strengthens communication between brain cells and supports healthier, more stable mood regulation.

How Does TMS Therapy Help Treat Depression?

Depression is associated with reduced activity in a key brain region called the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)—an area responsible for motivation, decision‑making, and emotional regulation. When this region becomes underactive, its communication with deeper emotional centers, such as the amygdala, weakens, making mood harder to regulate.

TMS works by delivering magnetic pulses that gently activate this underactive area. As the DLPFC becomes more engaged, it strengthens its connection to the brain’s emotional networks, helping restore healthier mood regulation. Each pulse creates a tiny electrical current in the targeted brain cells, and over repeated sessions, this stimulation leads to:

  • Increased neural activity in brain regions that are sluggish during depression
  • Improved communication between mood‑related networks
  • Strengthening of healthy pathways that support emotional stability
  • Reduction of overactive stress circuits that contribute to depressive symptoms

This process reflects neuroplasticity: the brain’s ability to reorganize, form new connections, and build healthier patterns over time.

Why Repeated TMS Sessions Work

TMS isn’t a one‑time treatment. The brain changes gradually, which is why a typical course involves daily sessions for several weeks. With consistent stimulation, the brain begins to “learn” new patterns of activity, similar to physical therapy for the brain.

As these neural circuits strengthen, people often experience:

  • More stable mood
  • Improved motivation and energy
  • Better concentration
  • Reduced anxiety
  • Less emotional reactivity
  • Greater ability to enjoy activities again

Many patients start noticing changes around the second or third week, though some respond earlier or later.

Relapsing Depression isn’t Your Fault

A depression relapse isn’t your fault, and it’s important to say that plainly. When symptoms return after you’ve worked hard to feel better, it’s natural to blame yourself or assume you “should have done more.” But depression doesn’t work that way.

Here’s why: Depression involves shifts in brain chemistry, stress‑response systems, and neural circuits. These aren’t things you control through willpower. They’re biological processes similar to blood pressure, thyroid function, or insulin regulation. When symptoms come back, it reflects how the condition behaves, not anything you did wrong.

Many people experience depression in episodes, with stretches of improvement followed by periods where symptoms return. This pattern is extremely common. A relapse doesn’t mean you didn’t try hard enough, didn’t stay positive, or didn’t “want recovery” enough. It simply means your brain is still healing, and sometimes it needs additional support.

It’s also important to remember that major stressors, grief, burnout, illness, or big life changes can activate underlying vulnerabilities. You can be caring for yourself, using your tools, staying connected…and still experience a relapse.

That isn’t failure. That’s being human.

Need More Help? Find it Through TMS Therapy at AwakeningsKC

If you’re experiencing relapsing depression, don’t lose hope. Many people who responded well to TMS the first time continue to benefit from additional sessions when symptoms return. AwakeningsKC offers retreatment plans designed to help you regain momentum, rebuild stability, and feel like yourself again.

A relapse doesn’t mean you failed; it simply means your brain may need another round of support. Because TMS reinforces the neural pathways involved in mood regulation, retreatment often works faster, more predictably, and with higher response rates than the first course. It’s a powerful way to build on the progress you’ve already made.

If you’re noticing symptoms creeping back in, you don’t have to wait for them to intensify. Our team can help you explore whether a second course of TMS is right for you and guide you toward the next step in your recovery journey.

Reach out to AwakeningsKC to learn more.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a depression relapse?

A depression relapse happens when symptoms return after you’ve already improved or reached remission. It’s a common part of major depressive disorder and doesn’t mean you’ve done anything wrong.

Why does depression relapse?

Relapse can occur because of biological vulnerability, lingering symptoms, major stress, or changes in treatment. Even when you’re doing everything “right,” depression can still re‑emerge.

Is a depression relapse my fault?

No. Depression involves brain circuits and stress‑response systems you can’t control through willpower. A relapse reflects how the condition behaves, not a personal failure.

How can TMS therapy help with a depression relapse?

TMS uses magnetic pulses to stimulate underactive mood‑regulation areas in the brain. This helps restore healthier neural activity and reduce returning symptoms.

Does TMS work again if symptoms come back?

Yes. Many people who responded to TMS before respond again during retreatment, sometimes even faster.

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July 7, 2026 1

TMS vs. Ketamine/Spravato®: Comparing Advanced Treatments for Depression and More

Depression and other mental health disorders like obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are both common and serious. They affect how you feel, think, and function at home and work. When your symptoms don’t improve with traditional antidepressants and psychotherapy, it can feel discouraging.

Choosing between transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and ketamine/Spravato can feel overwhelming, especially when you’re searching for relief after other treatments haven’t helped enough. While both are effective ways to treat a variety of disorders, both options work in very different ways:

  • TMS uses targeted magnetic stimulation to influence mood‑related brain circuits
  • Ketamine/Spravato acts chemically to rapidly shift patterns of thought and emotion.

Each has its own strengths, pace of improvement and ideal clinical fit.

At AwakeningsKC, we offer effective, proven outpatient therapies that help people reclaim their lives. Two of our leading therapies are transcranial magnetic stimulation and rapid-acting therapies such as ketamine and esketamine (Spravato).

Overview: How TMS and Ketamine/Spravato Work

Transcranial magnetic stimulation and ketamine/Spravato target the brain in very different but complementary ways to relieve treatment resistant depression and other disorders.

TMS

TMS is a noninvasive, FDA-cleared treatment that uses focused magnetic pulses to stimulate brain regions involved in mood regulation, often the prefrontal cortex. Sessions take place in our outpatient clinic while you are awake and seated.

A typical acute course involves short daily sessions five days per week for four to six weeks. Newer protocols can reduce session length while preserving clinical benefit.

Comparing Ketamine and Spravato

Ketamine and Spravato address mood through systemic pharmacology. Ketamine is often administered by intravenous infusion in specialized clinics. Spravato is the brand name for an FDA-approved nasal spray form of ketamine.v Ketamine therapy targets glutamate receptors and related pathways, rapidly modulating neural circuits that influence mood and cognition. Relief can begin within hours to days.

In simple terms, TMS delivers localized stimulation to specific cortical networks without circulating medication throughout the body. Ketamine and Spravato rely on medication absorbed into the bloodstream, with in-clinic monitoring during and after dosing.

A side-by-side comparison:

Feature TMS Ketamine/Spravato
How it works Localized magnetic stimulation of mood-related brain circuits Systemic medication that modulates glutamate and related pathways
Onset of effect Days to weeks; often noticeable by week 2–3 Hours to days after dosing
Course and maintenance Daily sessions for 4–6 weeks; maintenance or retreatment as needed Induction series followed by scheduled maintenance dosing
Common side effects Scalp discomfort, mild headache; no sedation or systemic side effects Dissociation, dizziness, nausea, transient blood pressure and heart rate rise
Monitoring needs No post-session observation; resume normal activities In-clinic supervision with observation; no driving until the next day
Candidacy considerations Non-systemic; useful for medication sensitivities or drug-interaction concerns Rapid relief prioritized; cardiovascular and psychiatric screening required
Insurance landscape Often covered for treatment-resistant depression Spravato is commonly covered under REMS; ketamine coverage varies by plan

TMS vs. Ketamine/Spravato: Do They Work?

Studies have shown that TMS therapy is at least partially effective over 50 percent of the time. Many people maintain improvement for months, and benefits can be extended with periodic maintenance or brief retreatment when needed. TMS typically builds over days to weeks and can be sustained with maintenance planning.

On the other hand, ketamine often acts faster. Some patients notice symptom relief within hours or days after the first dose, an advantage when depression is severe or rapidly worsening. Sustaining improvement usually requires completing a series of treatments and transitioning to maintenance dosing at intervals tailored to response.

TMS vs Ketamine/Spravato: Safety, Side Effects and Monitoring

TMS is well tolerated by most patients. Common, mild effects include

  • Scalp tenderness
  • Tapping sensations
  • Facial muscle twitching during stimulation
  • Headache that usually fades after the first few sessions

There is no sedation and no systemic side effects such as weight gain or sexual dysfunction. There is no downtime; most people return to normal activities immediately after treatment.

However, ketamine and Spravato can cause short-lived effects during or soon after dosing. These include changes in perception, dissociation, dizziness, nausea, and temporary increases in blood pressure and heart rate. Because of these effects, patients are monitored in clinic and typically need a ride home.

Driving and operating machinery should be avoided until the next day, or as directed by your care team.

TMS vs. Ketamine/Spravato: Who Is a Good Candidate?

TMS is often recommended for adults with mental health disorders who have not responded to one or more forms of treatment or who cannot tolerate side effects. It is a strong option for those with medication sensitivity, comorbid anxiety, or concerns about drug interactions with other medical treatments. Because TMS is non-systemic, it can be considered when minimizing overall medication exposure is a priority.

Ketamine may be considered when rapid relief is important, such as during severe episodes, elevated suicide risk or when multiple prior treatments have not worked. Suitability depends on a careful review of cardiovascular health, blood pressure, medication interactions, and psychiatric history.

People with uncontrolled hypertension, certain neurologic conditions, a history of adverse reactions to dissociative agents, or active substance misuse may need additional precautions or may be better served by another approach.

Age, pregnancy, and medical history influence selection as well. Because TMS does not involve systemic medication, it can be discussed in scenarios where limiting fetal exposure is important, though decisions during pregnancy always require individualized risk-benefit consultation with obstetric and psychiatric clinicians.

What to Expect: Experience, Timeline and Coverage

During a TMS session, you will sit comfortably while a small coil rests against your scalp. Sessions typically last between three and 20 minutes, depending on the protocol used. You can drive yourself to and from appointments and resume normal activities right away. The acute course generally runs five days per week for four to six weeks, with optional tapering or maintenance sessions based on response.

Ketamine and Spravato visits include pre-dose assessments, supervised administration, and post-dose observation. Time in clinic usually ranges from one to two hours or more. Due to ketamine’s side effects, transportation arrangements are required, and driving is avoided until the next day.

Treatment Timelines

Treatment schedules often begin with more frequent visits (for example, twice weekly) and shift to maintenance intervals as symptoms improve.

Timelines for improvement vary. Many TMS patients notice changes within the first two to three weeks, with continued gains toward the end of the course. Ketamine and Spravato may provide relief within hours to days, particularly helpful during crisis periods.

Both approaches can include maintenance strategies, like periodic TMS sessions or scheduled booster doses for Spravato or ketamine, to help sustain progress.

Coverage for TMS and Spravato

Coverage differs by insurer and medical policy. TMS is widely covered by many commercial plans and Medicare for treatment-resistant depression when criteria are met. Spravato is FDA-approved for treatment-resistant depression and for depressive symptoms in adults with major depressive disorder with acute suicidal ideation or behavior; coverage typically follows REMS and plan rules.

Our benefits team at AwakeningsKC helps you navigate authorizations and out-of-pocket estimates so there are no surprises.

TMS vs. Ketamine/Spravato: Which Is Better for Me?

The best choice depends on your goals, timeline, medical history and how you want treatment to fit into your life. If you value a noninvasive option with no systemic medication and minimal disruption to your routine, TMS may be a strong fit.

On the other hand, if you need rapid relief during a severe episode or crisis, Spravato or ketamine may offer faster symptom reduction, with a plan for maintenance dosing to sustain progress.

Some patients consider TMS and Spravato together across different phases of care. An example might be completing a TMS course for foundational improvement and using Spravato for focused booster support during periods of increased symptoms. Others begin with Spravato to stabilize quickly and transition to TMS to build durable gains without ongoing medication.

Our clinicians help you design a plan that aligns with your preferences and clinical needs.

Why Choose AwakeningsKC?

AwakeningsKC is a trusted leader in advanced outpatient care for depression and more. We specialize in TMS, ketamine and other mental health treatment, combining clinical expertise with a warm, welcoming approach. We believe compassionate care and rigorous science go hand in hand.

Here’s what you can expect with us:

  • Personalized evaluation that considers your history, current symptoms and goals
  • Clear guidance on treatment, including real-world timelines and outcomes
  • A safe, comfortable clinic with experienced teams who monitor progress closely
  • Benefits support, prior authorizations and transparent out-of-pocket estimates
  • Continuity of care with your referring providers and therapists

Relief is possible, even when prior treatments have not helped enough. Book an appointment with AwakeningsKC. We will listen carefully, review your options, and help you choose a path you feel confident about. Together, we’ll create a plan that supports long-term wellbeing.

 

Frequently Asked Questions

How do TMS and ketamine/Spravato feel during treatment?

TMS feels like rhythmic tapping on the scalp. Discomfort typically decreases after the first week. Ketamine and Spravato can cause short-lived changes in perception or awareness, along with nausea or dizziness; these are monitored in clinic with supportive care as needed.

Can I stay on my current medications?

Many patients continue antidepressants during TMS. For ketamine and Spravato, we review potential interactions and may adjust timing or dosing to maximize safety and benefit.

How long do benefits last?

TMS benefits often last several months following an acute course, and maintenance or brief retreatment can support continued wellness. For Spravato or ketamine, ongoing scheduled dosing is usually needed to maintain gains, with intervals tailored to individual response.

Is there downtime?

TMS requires no downtime; most people return to daily activities immediately. Ketamine and Spravato require in-clinic observation and no driving until the next day.

What if I also have anxiety?

Both approaches can help when anxiety accompanies depression. TMS is a good fit for those concerned about medication side effects. Ketamine or Spravato may be preferred when rapid reduction in distress is critical.

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July 2, 2026

TMS for OCD: What It Is, How It Works and What to Expect

Obsessive‑compulsive disorder (OCD) can feel relentless: intrusive thoughts, exhausting rituals, and a constant battle to regain control. While therapy and medication remain important tools, many struggle to find lasting relief. That’s where transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) changes the conversation.

By targeting the specific brain circuits involved in OCD, TMS offers a non‑invasive, evidence‑based option for people who haven’t responded fully to traditional treatments. Painless and convenient, TMS doesn’t require any form of anesthesia.

AwakeningsKC uses TMS therapy to effectively treat OCD and other conditions.

TMS for OCD: What Is OCD?

OCD is a chronic condition characterized by intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors or mental rituals (compulsions) performed to reduce distress. Symptoms can disrupt work, relationships, and everyday routines. While severity varies, untreated symptoms often persist and affect millions of adolescents and adults.

OCD Obsessions

There are many different kinds of OCD obsessions. Some of them include:

  • Intrusive thoughts: Repetitive mental content that feels foreign or disturbing, like “What if I accidentally hurt someone?”
  • Fear of harm: Worries about causing danger, even unintentionally (leaving the stove on, hitting someone with a car).
  • Contamination fears: Intense fear of germs, illness or environmental contaminants.
  • Symmetry or “just right” obsessions: A need for things to feel perfectly aligned, even if there’s no logical reason.
  • Taboo or unwanted thoughts: Intrusive sexual, violent or religious thoughts that feel deeply uncomfortable.
  • Moral or religious strictness: Fear of committing sins, breaking rules or being morally “bad.”

OCD Rituals

OCD rituals – which some call compulsions – are repetitive mental actions or behaviors that a person does to reduce the anxiety caused by their obsessions. Even if a person knows their rituals aren’t logical, the pressure to engage in them can be overwhelming.

Some common OCD rituals include:

  • Checking rituals: Repeatedly verifying locks, appliances or safety details to prevent imagined harm.
  • Cleaning or washing rituals: Excessive handwashing, showering or disinfecting to neutralize contamination fears.
  • Counting or repeating: Performing actions a certain number of times or repeating phrases until they feel “right.”
  • Arranging or ordering: Lining up objects symmetrically or adjusting items until they match a precise internal standard.
  • Mental rituals: Silently reviewing events, praying, neutralizing “bad” thoughts or seeking reassurance internally.
  • Avoidance behaviors: Steering clear of people, places or objects that might trigger obsessions.

How Is OCD Treated?

First-line care typically includes cognitive behavioral therapy with exposure and response prevention (ERP) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). When those steps fall short, augmentation strategies and clomipramine may be considered.

However, even with evidence-based care, a significant number of people experience only slight changes, side effects or limited access to specialized therapy.

What Is Treatment-Resistant OCD?

Treatment‑resistant OCD refers to OCD that does not improve enough with first line, evidence‑based treatments, even when those treatments were done correctly and at adequate intensity.

Treatment‑resistant OCD is not a dead end. It simply means the person may benefit from additional or alternative approaches.

TMS is typically considered for treatment‑resistant OCD, meaning the individual has already completed appropriate courses of therapy and medication without sufficient improvement. Before starting, a clinician conducts a thorough evaluation to confirm the diagnosis, review past treatments, and ensure TMS is safe.

Certain conditions, such as a history of seizures, specific neurological disorders, metal implants in or near the head, or incompatible implanted devices, may prevent someone from being a candidate.

At AwakeningsKC, we work closely with your prescriber and therapist to integrate TMS for OCD into your overall care plan. Our team also guides you through insurance eligibility so beginning treatment feels straightforward and stress‑free.

TMS for OCD: How Does Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Work for OCD?

TMS uses focused magnetic pulses delivered through a coil placed on the scalp to generate small electrical currents that influence the brain circuits involved in OCD. Treatment typically targets areas within the anterior cingulate cortex as well as networks linking the prefrontal cortex and striatum, regions known to play a role in obsessive‑compulsive symptoms.

OCD‑specific TMS protocols often incorporate symptom provocation to ensure the correct circuits are engaged. Stimulation approaches vary: some use high‑frequency pulses to activate underactive regions, while others use low‑frequency stimulation to calm overactive pathways.

A standard TMS course involves five sessions per week for four to six weeks, sometimes followed by tapering or maintenance sessions. Accelerated protocols condense multiple treatments into each day over a shorter time, depending on clinical suitability and established guidelines.

TMS has a strong safety profile. The most common side effects, mild scalp discomfort or headache, are typically short‑lived. Seizure risk is very low and further reduced through proper screening and adherence to safety standards.

Research shows that TMS can significantly reduce OCD symptoms for many patients, especially when paired with ongoing therapy. While not everyone responds, those who do often experience durable improvement, with occasional maintenance sessions as needed.

TMS for OCD: What Is a TMS Session Like?

Your first visit includes a comprehensive assessment, review of medical history, and discussion of goals. We determine your motor threshold (individualized stimulation level) and map the target area.

During sessions, you sit comfortably as the coil rests against your scalp. You may feel tapping or pulsing sensations and hear clicking sounds. These sensations are commonly experienced during a TMS session and are localized to the treatment area.

  • Is the feeling of TMS similar to an electric shock? Most patients describe the feeling as rhythmic tapping or pressure, not an electric shock.
  • Do patients feel pain during TMS treatment? Discomfort is usually mild and brief; if sensitivity occurs, we can adjust intensity, positioning, or offer simple measures to improve comfort
  • How intense does TMS feel when the device is activated? Intensity ranges from light tapping to a firmer pulse based on your individualized settings; we calibrate this carefully so you remain comfortable while treatment stays effective.

Sessions typically last 20 to 40 minutes. Most patients attend weekday sessions for several weeks. Because TMS doesn’t require anesthesia, you’re able to resume your normal business once you’re done.

Before treatment, we recommend getting good sleep, limiting caffeine, and continuing prescribed medications unless your clinician advises otherwise. After sessions, you can resume normal activities right away; occasional mild headache can often be managed with over-the-counter pain relievers if approved by your provider.

Ready to Take the Next Step Toward OCD Relief?

If OCD is still impacting your life despite therapy or medication, you don’t have to keep struggling. Our team at AwakeningsKC offers TMS for OCD and ketamine therapy: two evidence‑based options designed to help when traditional treatments haven’t gone far enough.

Reach out today to learn more.

Frequently Asked Questions

How soon will I notice results?

Some people observe changes in anxiety or ritual intensity within two to three weeks, while others notice improvements later in the course. Full benefits may emerge several weeks after completing treatment.

Can I continue therapy and medications during TMS?

Yes. Many patients maintain or start ERP during TMS, which can enhance outcomes. Medications are usually continued unless your prescriber recommends changes.

Is maintenance TMS necessary?

Not for everyone. Some maintain improvements without further sessions, while others return for periodic boosters if symptoms reappear.

Will TMS cure OCD?

TMS is not a cure, but it can significantly reduce symptoms and improve quality of life. Most people benefit most when TMS is part of a comprehensive plan that includes therapy and healthy routines.

How do I get started?

Contact AwakeningsKC to schedule an evaluation. We will review your history, verify insurance, outline a personalized protocol, and answer your questions so you can make an informed decision about TMS for OCD.

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December 21, 2021

Discovery Behavioral Health Acquires Awakenings KC Clinical Neuroscience Institute

Discovery Behavioral Health, Inc., an expanding network of evidence-based mental health, substance use and eating disorder treatment centers, has acquired Awakenings KC Clinical Neuroscience Institute in Prairie Village, Kansas, outside of Kansas City.

Awakenings offers adult outpatient mental health programs for a wide range of disorders, including anxiety, depression, panic disorder, bipolar disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), thought disorders, co-occurring disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)and eating disorders. The center offers group therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT), which can be integrated with medication management by a psychiatrist.

In addition, Awakenings offers cutting-edge treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD), including TMS therapy and ketamine infusion therapy for clinical depression. According to a 2021 study by Mental Health America, the states of Missouri and Kansas rank 31 and 43, respectively, in the nation in the rate of clinical depression, a condition which is estimated to affect nearly three million adult Americans. (The higher the ranking, the higher prevalence of mental illness and lower rates of access to care.)

Awakenings is headed by Maria Cristina Davila, M.D., who is double board-certified in psychiatry and neurology. Born in Argentina, she completed her medical school training in Buenos Aires before moving to Kansas City where she completed her psychiatric residency training at University of Missouri, Kansas City Medical School.

She has been practicing in the community since 1998 and has served in many positions in local universities and hospitals. Currently, she serves as president of the Midwest chapter of the American Society of Addiction Medicine.

“Awakenings offers hope to patients who might have tried other treatment programs without success. We’re particularly proud of our ketamine infusion therapies. Because of its rapidness and effectiveness, it can potentially improve symptoms even in patients with treatment-resistant depression and other mental health conditions,” says Dr. Davila.

Ketamine infusion therapy can have an immediate and lasting impact on clinical depression with minimal disruption to the patient’s daily routine. Ketamine is a manmade pharmaceutical first synthesized in 1962 and approved for use in the United States in 1970. It works by stimulating the development of new receptors and synapses in the brain. In 2019, the FDA made a groundbreaking decision to approve a form of ketamine as a clinical treatment for treatment-resistant depression.

Discovery Behavioral Health President & CEO John Peloquin notes, “We’re on the cusp of seeing a wave of breakthrough treatments in behavioral health that combine evidenced-based medications with personalized counseling. Dr. Davila and her team are at the vanguard of introducing these innovations, and we’re thrilled to welcome Awakenings to our growing nationwide network of behavioral health centers.”

For the full story, CLICK HERE

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July 13, 2021

Ketamine Treatment for Depression

Ketamine – that’s an anesthesia, isn’t it? Correct.

But did you know that in sub-anesthetic doses it is also a promising treatment option for pain and depression?

Let’s start at the beginning.

What is Ketamine and how does it work?

Ketamine is a medication primarily used for anesthesia. It is an antagonist of the NMDA receptors in the brain which are responsible for the anesthetic, analgesic and psychotomimetic effects. Although it’s not entirely clear how ketamine works in the treatment of depression, here’s what the scientists think. The binding of the NMDA receptors increase the neurotransmitter glutamate. This then activates the AMPA receptor.  Together, the blockade of NMDA receptors and activation of AMPA receptors leads to the release of other molecules that allow neurons to communicate better. This process is called synaptogenesis and synaptic potentiation, and is the process that is thought to affect mood, thought patterns and cognition.

What is Ketamine being used for in psychiatry?

Ketamine is being used for the management of treatment-resistant depression, bipolar disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder.

How is Ketamine administered?

At this time, Ketamine is available in multiple formulations, although the intranasal (esketamine) and intravenous routes have the most compelling evidence for the treatment of depression. Whether intranasal or intravenous, repeated dosing is necessary to maintain a therapeutic benefit.

If you’re wondering which is better, there are no current head-to-head studies comparing the two.

Can Ketamine be used alone?

Multiple studies have demonstrated compelling evidence of Ketamine’s effect in treatment-resistant depression. Intranasal esketamine is typically co-administered with an antidepressive medication. Intravenous Ketamine can be administered as monotherapy or adjunctively with a psychotropic regimen.

How is Ketamine tolerated?

Overall, Ketamine is well-tolerated. It has a rapid onset (within 1-2 days) and has been shown to have a rapid reduction in suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms.

The most common side-effect noted with Ketamine administration is dissociation. Individuals describe it as a perceptual disturbance or “abnormal sensation”, but studies have shown no deficits in cognitive function with Ketamine use. For the most part, any changes in perception or dissociation are most noticeable during the first infusion and improve quickly afterward.

Other side effects include high blood pressure, nausea and vomiting.

At this time, the long-term effects of Ketamine are unknown.

In Conclusion…

Ketamine and esketamine represent novel treatment avenues for treatment-resistant depression and other psychiatric disorders. Although the long-term effects are still unknown, multiple studies have demonstrated the efficacy of sub-anesthetic doses of Ketamine in the treatment of psychiatric disorders.

Still have questions? Visit the Ketamine section of our website for more information.

If you are battling treatment-resistant depression and want to know if Ketamine is a treatment option for you, call (913) 381-8555 and make an appointment.

 

References:

McIntyre RS, et al. Synthesizing the evidence of ketamine and esketamine in treatment-resistant depression: an international expert opinion on the available evidence and implementation. Am J Psychiatry 2021;178:383-399.

Moda-Sava RN, et al. Sustained rescue of prefrontal circuit dysfunction by antidepressant-induced spine formation. Science 2019;Vol 364, Issue 6436

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September 8, 2020 0

Keep Your (Social) Distance. Tips to Combat Re-Entry Anxiety After Lockdown.

We hope that everyone had a wonderful (and safe!) Labor Day Weekend. As some aspects of everyday life are getting back to normal, or at least the “new normal”, we’d like to discuss social anxiety, specifically in today’s unique circumstances.

You have an upcoming BBQ  you’ve been invited to, or a rescheduled wedding, or you just want to venture out to the grocery store to get a few items for dinner. You want to believe that leaving home is safe again, but as you grab your mask and head out the door, you’re still feeling nervous. Is this normal? The short answer, yes.

Even if you didn’t suffer from overwhelming social anxiety prior to COVID, we’re all experiencing some degree of it now. As we try to cope with the uneasy feelings that come with the country reopening after lockdown, we’d like to discuss a few strategies that may help.

1 – Accept that having some degree of anxiety is normal.

Our current circumstances are unlike anything we’ve ever lived through before. There is no better time than now to practice self-compassion and tolerance.

2 – Think about setting boundaries for socializing. Follow the rules that make sense and that are recommended by reputable sources.

As different parts of the country continue to open at their own speed, it’s ok to also take time to gauge what your own comfort level is with re-socializing. It’s important to have a social support system and communication during these times is going to be key.

It’s counterproductive to go out and run errands or socialize with friends if this is going to send your anxiety through the roof. Consider setting boundaries right now, and let these be known to your family and/or friends ahead of time. It’s also ok for these boundaries to evolve and change. This is a process for everyone.

3 – Practice mindfulness.

Be mindful of how you consume the news. Engage in healthy routines of exercise and reducing/eliminating alcohol and drug use which can worsen your mental health and physical well-being.

Maintain a routine, stay in touch with our community, and try to find small moments of love and joy each day.

4 – Try to manage your emotional response to uncertainty.

Accept that there is no certainty right now, and practicing self-compassion and compassion for those around us is critical at this time. Know that your feelings and anxieties are valid. Even if it seems that no one else is scared or as scared about re-entering the world following lockdown, its ok to have uncertainties and doubts. If you are feeling overwhelmed, try pausing and practicing relaxed breathing or meditation. Try to name the emotion causing such an overwhelming feeling. This can help you recover your sense of control.

5 – If you need more support, do not hesitate to reach out.

If you are having difficulty coping, know that there are resources to help.

We are always here and willing to help at AwakeningsKC. Feel free to call to make an appointment for a consultation in person or by TeleHealth.

For AwakeningsKC Contact information, click here.

Crisis Text Line: Text CRISIS to 741741 for free, confidential crisis counseling.

National Suicide Prevention Lifeline: 1-800-273-8255

As we try to get a sense of what is “safe” and begin socializing again, we must understand that every outing comes with a real amount of risk. It forces the question: How much risk are we willing to tolerate? And it’s something that we must ask ourselves.

The CDC has a dedicated page with helpful tips when considering different social scenarios (such as outdoor versus indoor gatherings), and how to keep yourself and your family as protected as possible. You can visit that page here.

Again, there is no better time than now to practice compassion toward ourselves and others. Things will continue to change and evolve, and although there is a lot of uncertainty regarding the future, we should approach each day, one step at a time, and not hesitate to seek help when needed.

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July 22, 2020 0

Impact on Mental Health of Healthcare Workers during COVID-19

Healthcare workers (HCW’s), including doctors, nurses, nursing assistants, and more, have been on the frontline of the COVID-19 pandemic since it’s onset. You can imagine that this has had a significant impact on their mental health, but to what extent?

Several studies have recently been published describing the increased levels of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress of those directly facing the COVID-19 pandemic. In both China and Italy, around 1300 frontline workers in each country were surveyed. The results were similar in both groups. Increased anxiety was reported by 25-44%, 25-50% reported depression, 10-30% reported insomnia, and 50-70% reported post-traumatic stress symptoms and distress. Younger age and female sex were associated with higher levels of stress in both studies. This could be a confounding factor in both studies, as more nurses, and mostly female nurses, were surveyed, however, it could also be related to the fact that nurses spend more time in direct contact with their patients. Overall, it’s not surprising that the mental health of HCWs has been affected by working on the frontlines of the pandemic.

Following the 2003 SARS outbreak, studies demonstrated an adverse psychological effect among healthcare workers as well. It is clear that pandemics like SARS and COVID-19 can create stress among all populations, but healthcare workers also are tasked with managing this stress while continuing to care for their patients, the increased risk of infecting themselves, and potentially their loved ones. If you or someone you know is experiencing increased anxiety, stress, and/or depression related to the pandemic, do not hesitate to reach out. The CDC has a specific page related to coping with mental health issues during this time, as well as numerous resources listed that you can access here.

References:

  1. Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y. Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to Coronavirus disease 2019. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2763229
  2. Rossi R, Socci V, Pacitti F, et al. Mental health outcomes among frontline and second-line health care workers during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Italy. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2766378
  3. Pappa S, Vasiliki N, Katsaounou P, et al. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7206431/#__ffn_sectitle

 

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July 5, 2020 0

Ketamine for the Treatment of Alcohol Addiction

Alcohol use disorder (AUD), or alcoholism, affects more than 14 million individuals over the age of 18 in the United States alone.1 AUD is described as a chronic brain disease that is characterized by compulsive drinking, loss of control over the consumption of alcohol, and experiencing negative emotions when not using alcohol.2

The treatment of AUD typically starts with detox. For individuals with a physiological dependence to alcohol, the abrupt cessation of drinking could result in serious complications, such as alcohol withdrawal seizures. A supervised medical detox, whether inpatient or outpatient, is always recommended.3

So I’ve completed detox, what’s next? 

Treatment programs, like Awakenings KC, will employ various modalities to assist in continued abstinence from alcohol. These include, but are not limited to, behavioral therapy, family therapy, and/or the treatment of co-occurring disorders.

An additional treatment for alcohol addiction offered by Dr. Davila at Awakenings KC is ketamine infusion therapy.

What is ketamine?

Ketamine is an anesthetic medication that acts on the central nervous system through antagonism of the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptor.4-6 Ketamine is different than other anesthetics in that it has a good safety profile and lacks the major drawback of respiratory depression.5

Over the past decade, it has been increasingly used in the treatment of depression and addiction. How does it work? Well, scientists are not 100% sure, but several mechanisms have been proposed and substantiated with research. Several animal and human models have demonstrated that ketamine can rewrite maladaptive reward memories, enhance neuroplasticity and neurogenesis, and enhance psychological therapy efficacy.4-6

Ketamine in the treatment of addiction.

Ketamine has shown promising results in the treatment of addiction.4-6 Studies have shown that ketamine infusion can promote abstinence from alcohol and reduce cravings. In recently detoxified alcoholics, abstinence rates increased from 24% to 66% in the ketamine group.7

Although ketamine itself has been utilized as a drug of abuse, in sub-anesthetic doses, it is not “rewarding”. In multiple studies, there were no patients that went on to abuse ketamine following their infusion treatments.6

In summary…

Ketamine has been shown to increase synaptogenesis and neuroplasticity.6 What does this mean? It helps restructure and reorganize the brain at a cellular level, helping to reverse the changes that are associated with depression and addiction.

Ketamine is safe, effective, and shows promising results in the treatment of depression and addiction.

If you’re interested in more information about ketamine infusions, check out the Awakenings KC website here or call for a consultation – (913) 381-8555.

 

References:

  1. Alcohol facts and statistics – NIH
  2. Alcohol abuse and addiction – NIH
  3. Alcoholism treatment: what is alcohol abuse and how to treat alcoholism – American Addiction Centers
  4. Das RK, Grace G, Walsh K, et al. Ketamine can reduce harmful drinking by pharmacologically rewriting drinking memories. Nature communications. 2019;10:5187.
  5. Ezquerra-Romano I, Lawn W, Krupitsky E, et al. Ketamine for the treatment of addiction: evidence and potential mechanisms. Neuropharmacology. 2018;142:72-82.
  6. McAndrew A, Lawn W, Stevens T, et al. A proof-of-concept investigation into ketamine as a pharmacological treatment for alcohol dependence: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2017;18:159.
  7. Krupitsky EM, Burakov AM, Romanova TN, et al. Attenuation of ketamine effects by nimodipine pretreatment in recovering ethanol dependent men: psychopharmacologic implications of the interaction of NMDA and L-type calcium channel antagonists. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2001;6:936-47.

 

 

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